NIDZICA

A town in Garb Lubawski, on the Nida River (tributary of Wkra), ok. 15 400 inhabitant. Industrial center (precision mechanics – production of x-ray equipment, insulating building materials, wood plants, food processing – m.in. production of wines and meads). Road and rail junction. The seat of the commune office. From 1999 r. county town. Previously used names were Nibork and Neidenburg.

In the early Middle Ages, a settlement of the Sasins – of the Prussian tribe. After the Teutonic Knights were brought to this area, 1 half. XIII w. construction of a Teutonic castle in the place of the settlement, where the settlement was established. Founding of the city in 1381 r. W XV i XVI w. won by Poles several times. From 1525 r. in Ducal Prussia. Nidzica was then one of the largest Prussian centers inhabited by Polish colonists and after 1549 r. by persecuted for religious beliefs in their country, the so-called. Czech brothers. W 1656 r. the city was besieged by Tatars from the subchan Ghazi-agi unit, fighting in the composition of the Lithuanian army, commanded by the Lithuanian Field Hetman Wincenty Aleksander Gosiewski. From 1657 r. the city belonged to Brandenburg, and from 1701 r. to the Kingdom of Prussia. In the 18th century. there was a school with a high level of teaching Polish. At the turn of the eighteenth – XIX w. was created by Pastor J.. W. Alexius (folk poetry in Polish). In years 1807 i 1812 Napoleon's army and Polish troops cooperating with them under the command of Gen.. The little bunny. W XVIII i XIX w. Nidzica was one of the main centers of Masurian tiling (Polish subtitles on many products). During World War I, the city was seriously ruined as a result of the actions of the Russian army led by Gen.. Samsonov. Near Nidzica, near the village of the present name of Stębark, one of the largest battles from that period took place in Masuria, known as the Battle of Tannenberg or the First Battle of Masuria. The German army under the command of gen. Hindenburga then defeated the Russian army, killing approx. 50000 soldiers, a 90000 taking captive. In September 1939 r. hence the attack of the German army on the Polish so-called. Mława position. The city in the first days of the defensive war in 1939 r. was bombed by Polish airmen from 41 squadrons 4 Pomeranian Aviation Regiment. W 1945 Nidzica stayed in 70% destroyed – rebuilt after the war. After World War II, she returned to Poland.

Teutonic castle erected in the 1381-1400, rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries, Gothic, brick. Four-winged, with a rectangular courtyard and two towers. W. In the wing of the castle there was a chapel with a two-span stellar vault and a refectory, in which Gothic paintings from the 15th century have been partially preserved. Near the buildings of the outer bailey from the 16th century., rebuilt. Currently, there are cultural institutions and a tour house in the castle. On the west. from the castle, fragments of city fortifications and a monument of King Władysław Jagiełło made according to the design. A. Samulowski.

Parish Church. pw. st. Wojciech, located to the east. from the castle, erected in the 14th century, rebuilt after 1818 r. and in 1924 r. Gothic with features of the Neo-Renaissance.

Town hall from the 14th century, completely rebuilt in the 19th century, brick and plastered, late Classicist.

"Monastery", z XIV c., later serving as a granary, completely rebuilt in the 19th century.

Monument to Polish airmen fighting over Nidzica in September 1939 r. (in front of the railway station), unveiled in 1967 r., made according to project. Hubert Maciejczyk.

At the cemetery, a monument to St. 1968 r. (proj. Wiesław Kaczmarek) and graves 11 Polish uhlans who died in September 1939 r. during a trip outside Poland (in the vicinity of Janów).