Many churches were rebuilt into Orthodox churches. W 1845 r. the construction of the first railway line from Warsaw to Vienna began. W 1851 r. The customs border with Russia was abolished, which resulted in a large economic boom in industry. W 1856 r. a gas plant was launched (at ul. People) enabling gas street lighting. W 1860 r. Warsaw counted 230000 residents. W 1862 r. The Warsaw Main School was established (later transformed into the University of Warsaw).

W 1863 r. the January Uprising broke out, and Warsaw became the seat of the secret National Government. After the fall of the uprising, the Kingdom of Poland was incorporated into Russia, abolishing its autonomy. Then there was a period of intensive Russification of science, culture and education. However, thanks to the favorable position, the city continued to play an important role as a commercial center and became one of the most important economic centers of Russia. W 1866 r. the first horse trams were launched in the city. In years 1862-77 railway lines from Warsaw were launched – petersburska (1862), Terespolska (1866) and on the Vistula (1877). In years 1875-93 the governor of Warsaw was gen. Socrates Staryn-kiewicz. Thanks to his efforts, new streets were built in the city, water supply network with a filter station, sewage system and the first telephones were installed. W 1878 r. The Russians began building a ring of forts around the left bank of Warsaw and connecting paved fortress roads (partially preserved). W 1890 r. the number of inhabitants of Warsaw was 465000.

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries,. many new buildings were built in the city (Incentive, Philharmonic, Polytechnic). W 1902 r. a power plant was launched in Powiśle. After the strikes and demonstrations in 1905 r. some national concessions were obtained – several dozen Polish schools were established, many social and scientific organizations were established. W 1908 r. the first electric trams were launched. W 1914 r. Warsaw had approx. 885 000 residents.

After the outbreak of World War I, the Russians withdrew from Warsaw, and in their place were the Germans. 9 November 1918 r. German troops were disarmed by units of the Polish Military Organization, and two days later, Warsaw became the capital of independent Poland. In August 1920 r. in the east. fierce battles with the Bolshevik army took place in the foreground of Warsaw.

In the interwar period, housing construction developed, especially in areas recently attached to Warsaw (housing camps in Mokotów, Wola and Praga). In years 1923-29 a railway tunnel was built along Aleje Jerozolimskie. W 1923 r. The first airport in Warsaw was opened in Pole Mokotowskie (transferred in 1933 r. at Okecie). W 1925 r. Polish Radio was launched.